Armies That Never Were: Lands of Red and Gold
Feb 13, 2020 18:50:27 GMT
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Post by kaiphranos on Feb 13, 2020 18:50:27 GMT
So, one of the other online communities I frequent is alternatehistory.com, where people explore the various what-if's of history. One of the notable works created there is "Lands of Red and Gold", a timeline by a chap named Jared Kavanagh, which explores the idea of Australia developing native civilizations comparable with those in other parts of the world. He has since published it under the title *Walking Through Dreams*, but the original is still available online: www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/lands-of-red-and-gold.110941/
Anyway, because I had too much time on my hands, I thought it would be fun to put together DBA army lists for the cultures described in "Lands of Red and Gold":
I/65 FORMATIVE GUNNAGAL 2000 BC-900 BC
This list runs from the emergence of the six Wisdom Cities, until the Interregnum. During this era, Gunnagal society was governed by a complex system of kinship classes known as kitjigals. Warfare was ritualized, and tended to be fought on agreed-upon ground. Tactics consisted of spirited impromptu charges that developed into individual duels. Due to taboos against harming members of the same kitjigal, ranged weapons were frowned upon, though depictions suggest they were still used in some cases, possibly by mercenaries from desert or highland tribes not part of the kitjigal system. Men wore a knee-length linen kilt and sometimes a linen cloak. Both were highly decorated, often with kitjigal colors and totems, and body paint was also common. Weapons consisted of copper and arsenical bronze spears, axes, and knives.
I/65 Formative Gunnagal Army: 1 x General (3Wb), 10 x kitjigal warriors (3Wb), 1 x kitjigal warriors (3Wb) or non-kitjigal mercenaries (3Ax) or skirmishers with sling or javelin (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: I/65
II/85 CLASSICAL GUNNAGAL 500 BC-556 AD
This list covers the classical era of Gunnagal civilization, from the end of the Interregnum to the conquest of the last independent cities by the Watjubagan Empire. A constantly shifting system of alliances kept the four great kingdoms largely independent, though martial traditions and better access to metal meant that the kingdom of Gulibaga, centred at the city of Garrkimang, gradually expanded at the expense of the other three. Troops were equipped with wooden shield and bronze-tipped spear, and sometimes a short sword. Armor was rare except for captains.
II/85a Tjibarr, Gundabingee, Weenaratta, or Other Classical Gunnagal Army 500 BC-556 AD: 1 x General (3Bd or Sp or 3Pk), 6 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk), 1 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x native or mercenary javelinmen (3Ax or Ps), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or kitjigal faction mobs (5Hd) or skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: II/85a, II/85b, II/86, II/87, II/88
II/85b Gulibaga Army 500BC-350AD: 1x General (3Bd or Sp or 3Pk), 6 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk), 1 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x native or mercenary javelinmen (3Ax or Ps) or warrior societies (3Wb), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or skirmishers (Ps)
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: II/85a, II/86
II/86 AURURIAN HIGHLANDERS 500 BC-850 AD
This list represents various upland peoples of Southeastern Aururia, who raided and traded with the more settled cultures of the river valleys up through the Watjubagan era and were the ancestors of the Nguril and Kaoma among others. They left few records of their own, but early Gunnagal sources describe them as fierce raiders fighting with spears, knives and axes, while a Watjubagan depiction of a punitive expedition appears to include bowmen.
II/86 Aururian Highlander Army: 1 x General (3Bd or 3Wb or 3Ax), 6 x warriors (3Wb or 3Ax), 2 x javelineers (3Ax or Ps), 3 x skirmishers with bow, sling, or javelin (Ps)
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 2. Enemies: II/85a, II/85b, II/86, II/87, II/88, III/81a
II/87 EARLY JUNDITMARA 200 AD-764 AD
This list extends from the development of proto-kingdoms among the Junditmara until the Watjubagan conquest in 764 AD. Sources mention household guards led by chiefs, possibly precursors of the later briyuna, who would be supplemented by lightly-armed levies.
II/87 Early Junditmara Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 1 x household guards (3Bd), 8 x levied troops with spear and javelin (3Ax), 2 x skirmishers with bow, javelin, or sling (Ps)
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: II/85a, II/86, II/87, II/88, III/81a
II/88 IMPERIAL GULIBAGA 350 AD-556 AD
This list covers the armies of Gulibaga under the First Speakers following the military reforms of the mid-fourth century and the establishment of a standing professional army, until the conquest of Gundabingee in 556 AD. These troops were equipped with long pikes, round shields, bronze helmets and greaves, and leather breastplates. Support was provided by bowmen using stone or bone-tipped arrows.
II/88 Imperial Gulibaga Army 350-556 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 6 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or vassal Gunnagal spearmen (Sp) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: II/85a, II/86, II/87
III/81 WATJUBAGA 556 AD-1124 AD
This list extends from the proclamation of Watjubaga, the Dominion of the Five Rivers, until the deposition of the final First Speaker in 1124. Armies remained based around a core of Biral spearmen, but civil wars (particularly after the death of Weemiraga in 853 AD) led to increasing reliance on subject troops in the later period.
III/81a Early Watjubaga Army 556-945 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 6 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or subject Gunnagal spearmen (Sp) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: II/86, II/87, III/81a, III/82a, III/83, III/84, III/86, III/87, III/88, III/89
III/81b Later Watjubaga Army 945-1124 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 4 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or subject Gunnagal spearmen (4Pk or 4Ax) or Junditmara briyuna (3/4Bd) or Kurnawal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps), 1 x mercenary javelinmen (Ps), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81b, III/82a, III/83, III/84, III/86, III/87, III/88, III/89
III/82 MUTJING CITY-STATES 600 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Mutjing city-states of the Seven Sisters from their first mention in Watjubagan records. This includes the conquest by the Watjubagan Empire under Tjangal from 917-926, as well as the rebellion in the late 960s and the attempted re-conquest from 972-974, as well as intermittent ongoing warfare between the city-states. Beginning in the mid-eleventh century, city states began to develop closer ties with the Nangu, leading to the spread of Plirism and both smaller and fewer wars between cities, but increased professionalism as Mutjing mercenaries saw service abroad, particularly in the Cider Isle.
III/82a Early Mutjing Army 600-1050AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 2 x veteran warriors (4Bd), 7 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax), 2 x bowmen (3Bw) or levies with javelins (3Ax or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/82a
III/82b Later Mutjing Army 1050-1618AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 4 x veteran warriors (4Bd), 5 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax), 2 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax) or Nangu marines (3Bd), 2 x bowmen (3Bw) or levies with javelins (3Ax or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/82b
III/83 KURNAWAL 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers Kurnawal peoples on both the mainland and on the Cider Isle, beginning with the earliest conflicts with the Watjubagan Empire, and continuing up to European contact. These people are well-documented in both Watjubagan and later Yadji chronicles, but are best known as the wily opponents of the Tjunini in the twelve year “War of the Princess,” fought sometime between 1060 and 1080 AD and culminating in the sack of the city of Bountiful. The Kurnawal retain a reputation for deviousness compared to the more bluff Tjunini, but share many similarities in tactics and equipment - warriors heavily armed and armored in bronze, and skilled with a variety of hand weapons. References: Song of the Princess Tjiganeng
III/83 Kurnawal Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 9 x warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors (3Bd) or javelin-armed infiltrators (3Ax) or Mutjing mercenaries (4Bd) or Palawa mercenary longbowmen (3Lb or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/85, III/88, III/89, IV/86a, IV/86b
III/84 TJUNINI 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Tjunini people, both those who migrated to the Cider Isle beginning in the ninth century, and those who remained on the mainland. They are best known from the Song of the Princess written by the eleventh-century Tjunini bard Tjiganeng to commemorate a war fought and won by the Nine-Fold King Tiyuratina against the Kurnawal of the east. Based mostly on this epic, the Tjunini have a reputation of boldness and prowess in battle compared to the conniving Kurnawal, but archaeological evidence suggests few differences in equipment or tactics. Tjunini warriors were equipped with bronze helmets and armor, and seem to have fought using a variety of weapons. Lighter-armed troops are rarely mentioned in the song, but were probably present nonetheless. References: Song of the Princess Tjiganeng
III/84 Tjunini Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 9 x warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors (3Bd) or particularly bold and reckless heroes (3Wb) or Mutjing mercenaries (4Bd) or Palawa mercenary longbowmen (3Lb or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/85, III/89, IV/86a, IV/86b
III/85 PALAWA 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the native peoples of the Cider Isle from the arrival of the Tjunini and Kurnawal up until European contact. Never very numerous, pressure from the outsiders forced the Palawa to band together in larger groups and adopt a more sedentary lifestyle. Palawa were famously skilled with the longbow, and frequently hired on as mercenaries among both the Kurnawal and the Tjunini, though rarely beyond the Cider Isle. Bronze weapons were initially acquired from the invaders in trade or warfare, but the Palawa eventually began manufacturing their own. Armor remained rare, and was reserved for chieftains and their retainers.
III/85 Palawa Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 1 x wealthy warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors with spears (3Ax) or longbows (3Lb), 8 x longbowmen (3Lb or Ps)
Terrain Type: Forest. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/85.
III/86 PATJIMUNRA STATES 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Patjimunra states of the eastern coast from their initial encounters with Gunnagal civilization and their conquest during Weemiraga's March to the Sea in 822 AD, through their revolt against Watjubaga in 899 AD and up to the period of European contact. Even after the establishment of a centralized kingdom at Kinhung, civil wars and revolts remained frequent, and at least three other Patjimunra city states retained independence as of the early seventeenth century. All Patjimunra states were bound up in a strict caste system; lower castes were theoretically forbidden to carry metal or edged weapons, though this prohibition did not always extend to bows. The Patjimunras' famous conservatism extended to weapons and military tactics, and stuck to bronze even after iron became available.
III/86 Patjimunra Army 800-1618 AD: 1 x General (3Bd), 7 x Dhanbang or Warraghang caste warriors with swords and spears (3Bd), 4 x Paabay or Gidhay caste levies armed with wooden staves or clubs (7Hd) or Baluga caste hunters with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/86, III/90b, IV/12
III/87 MUNGUDJIMAY TRIBAL 800 AD-1020 AD
This list covers the early Mungudjimay peoples prior to the foundations of the kingdoms of Yuragir and Daluming around 1020. This includes their defeat of the second March to the Sea in 886, which the Mungudjimay used as the foundation of their calendar.
III/87 Mungudjimay Tribal Army 800-1020 AD: 1 x General (4Wb), 7 x tribal warriors with spear and hand weapon (4Wb), 3 x tribal warriors with javelins or spears (3Wb or 3Ax), 1 x youths or tribal warriors with slings and javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/87
III/88 EARLY NGURIL AND KAOMA 887 AD-1350 AD
This list covers the highland peoples of southeastern Aururia from their rebellion against the Watjubaga roughly through to the late fourteenth century, when refugee briyuna from the Yadji Empire conquered the region and established themselves as a ruling class. Written records from the Nguril and Kaoma themselves remain rare, but descriptions of their raids by their victims indicate that the raiders fought much as they always had, with small bands led by warleaders of notable repute.
III/88 Early Nguril and Kaoma Army 887-1350 AD: 1 x General (3Bd or 3Wb), 5 x elite warriors (3Bd or 3Wb), 4 x lesser warriors with javelins (3Ax or Ps), 2 x lesser warriors with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/89, IV/87, IV/88a, IV/88b
III/89 OTJIMA-ERA JUNDITMARA 907AD - 1255 AD
This list covers the Junditmara peoples from the Great Revolt against Watjubaga in 907 AD and the development of feudal otjima rule until the collapse of the Empire of the Lake in 1255 AD. Armies were based around a hereditary military class known as briyuna, who were well armed and armored, and trained with a variety of weapons. These would be supplemented with peasant levies or lightly-armed troops at need.
III/89 Otjima-Era Junditmara Army: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 3 x briyuna with spear or hand weapons (3/4Bd), 4 x briyuna with spear or hand weapons (3/4Bd) or with bows (3Bw), 2 x briyuna squires or peasant levies (3Ax), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or peasant levies (3Ax) or peasant skirmishers with javelin or sling (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/88, III/89, III/84, IV/87, IV/88a
III/90 YURAGIR AND DALUMING 1020 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the later Mungudjimay, following the foundation of the kingdoms of Yuragir and Daluming, continuing through the union of the two lands and up until the time of European contact. Contact with the western states led to the development of more advanced tactics, but the core of the army remained the tribal warriors. Designation of blooded warriors as “meriki” became more significant with the construction of Glazkul following the unification. Raids and wars against neighbors became more frequent as apocalyptic fervor grew, and more and more heads were collected for the pyramid of Glazkul.
III/90a Yuragir or Daluming Army 1020-1245: 1 x General (4Wb or 4Ax), 7 x tribal warriors with spear and hand weapon (4Wb or 4Ax), 3 x tribal warriors with javelins or spears (3Wb or 3Ax) or with bows (3Bw), 1 x youths or tribal warriors with slings and javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/90a, IV/87
III/90b Daluming Army 1245-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Wb or 4Bd), 5 x meriki warriors (4Wb or 4Bd), 5 x non-meriki warriors (3Wb or 3Ax), 1 x skirmishers with bows, slings, or javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/86, III/90b, IV/12, IV/87, IV/91
IV/86 YAORA CITY STATES 1100 AD-1512 AD
This list covers the Yaora and other peoples of southwestern Aururia. Due to their isolation and lack of written records, little is known about them except from fragmentary Nangu sources until the early twelfth century, when they became among the first people in Aururia to develop ironworking. This spurred the development of larger kingdoms and polities, all of which were eventually conquered by the rising power of the Atjuntja.
IV/86 Yaora Army 1100-1512AD: 1 x General (3Bd or 4Ax), 1 x armored troops with spear or axe (3Bd or 4Ax), 8 x unarmored troops with spear or axe (4Ax), 2 x desert tribal mercenaries (3Ax) or javelin-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: IV/86, IV/89
IV/87 POST-IMPERIAL GUNNAGAL 1100 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the independent Gunnagalic states, most notably the kingdoms of Tjibarr, Gutjanal, and Yigutji, that began to re-emerge as the Watjubagan Empire lost control of its outlying provinces, and which later formed various temporary leagues to resist Junditmara and later Yadji expansion. Armies were initially based on the old Watjubagan pike formations, particularly in cities that were former Biral military colonies, but gradually shifted to heavy infantry on the Yadji model. Urban factions became increasingly influential, especially in Tjibarr, and occasionally contributed to local defense efforts. Iron armor grew more common, and mail was particularly common among the Gunnagal.
IV/87 Post-Imperial Gunnagal Army 1100-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Pk or 4Bd), 5 x regular infantry with pikes (4Pk) or hand weapons (4Bd), 2 x bowmen supported by armed shieldbearers (8Bw), 3 x levies (4Ax) or highlander mercenaries (3Ax or 3Bd), 1 x urban militia (7Hd) or faction mob (5Hd) or bow-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81b, III/88, III/89, III/90a, III/90b, IV/87, IV/88a, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/88 YADJI EMPIRE 1209 AD-1618 AD
This list begins with the first campaigns of Ouyamunna Yadji against the Euyanee and Lyawai families, and extends up until the time of European contact. The death warriors famously began as a cult recruited by Ouyamunna Yadji from among those who had survived the first stage of Marnitja, and were retained as elite shock troops into the imperial era. They generally fought unarmored, with simple weapons such as clubs and maces. Briyuna, though used in early stages of the Yadji conquest, were disbanded over time and replaced by a regular standing army loyal only to the Regent of the Neverborn. Yadji regulars were highly disciplined, and maneuvers were coordinated using banners, drums, and horns. Armor was common, and was typically scale or more rarely mail. Ironworking was spreading during this era, and had almost completely supplanted bronze by the later Yadji period. Wheeled carts, drawn by people or dog teams, were known among the later Yadji, and were increasingly used for transport and logistics, but played no direct role on the battlefield.
IV/88a Early Yadji Army 1209-1300 AD: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 3 x briyuna with spears or hand weapons (3/4Bd), 4 x briyuna with spears or hand weapons (3/4Bd) or with bows (3Bw), 2 x briyuna squires or peasant levies (3Ax) or death warriors (3Wb), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or peasant levies (3Ax) or peasant skirmishers with javelin or sling (Ps).
Terrain: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/88, III/89, IV/87
IV/88b Later Yadji Army 1300-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 5 x regular infantry (4Bd), 2 x death warriors (3Wb), 3 x subject troops (4Ax) or archers (4Bw), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or religious enthusiasts (5Hd) or skirmishers with bow or sling (Ps).
Terrain: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/88, IV/87, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/89 ATJUNTJA EMPIRE 1250 AD-1618AD
This list covers the Atjuntja from the mid-thirteenth century onwards, when they unified under the semi-legendary Banyar, first King of Kings. Initially just one among many Yaora people, the Atjuntja proceeded to unify the southwest under their rule, developing a heavy infantry force that was used to great advantage. Revolts and dynastic struggles took place with increasing frequency towards the end of this era, and political instability would later be exploited by the Dutch. One Dutch account describes Atjuntja soldiers as equipped with iron scale armor, conical helmets, and large shields, and armed with fearsome axes.
IV/89 Atjuntja Army 1250-1618AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 7 x Atjuntja regulars (4Bd), 2 x Yaora subjects (4Ax) or desert tribal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x conscript infantry (7Hd) or javelin-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: IV/86, IV/89
IV/90 LATER NGURIL AND KAOMA 1350 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the highland peoples from the late fourteenth century onwards, when an influx of refugee briyuna from the expanding Yadji Empire first conquered the highlands and then integrated into the kinship societies of the people they ruled. Highland armies of this era are marked by a distinct Junditmara influence, and increased adoption of iron weapons and armor. Raiding parties were still led by warleaders and organized by lineage, but the warriors were increasingly well-trained.
IV/90 Later Nguril and Kaoma Army 1350-1618 AD: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 5 x elite warriors (3/4Bd), 3 x lesser warriors with hand weapons and javelins (3Bd or 3Ax), 3 x lesser warriors with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 3. Enemies: IV/87, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/91 KIYUNGU CITIES 1350 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the city states along the Coral Coast, which fought occasionally amongst themselves, but began to form a loose defensive league under pressure from Daluming raiders from the mid-fourteenth century onwards. Bronze was still widely used, and iron mostly unknown. Kiyungu armies consisted mostly of massed spearmen of various levels of effectiveness, occasionally supplemented by bands of foreign mercenaries.
IV/91 Kiyungu Army 1350-1618 AD: 1 x General (Sp or 4Ax), 5 x citizen spearmen (Sp or 4Ax), 2 x citizen bowmen (3Bw), 2 x Maori (3Bd) or Mutjing (4Bd) or other tribal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x untrained levies (7Hd).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/90b, IV/91.
Anyway, because I had too much time on my hands, I thought it would be fun to put together DBA army lists for the cultures described in "Lands of Red and Gold":
I/65 FORMATIVE GUNNAGAL 2000 BC-900 BC
This list runs from the emergence of the six Wisdom Cities, until the Interregnum. During this era, Gunnagal society was governed by a complex system of kinship classes known as kitjigals. Warfare was ritualized, and tended to be fought on agreed-upon ground. Tactics consisted of spirited impromptu charges that developed into individual duels. Due to taboos against harming members of the same kitjigal, ranged weapons were frowned upon, though depictions suggest they were still used in some cases, possibly by mercenaries from desert or highland tribes not part of the kitjigal system. Men wore a knee-length linen kilt and sometimes a linen cloak. Both were highly decorated, often with kitjigal colors and totems, and body paint was also common. Weapons consisted of copper and arsenical bronze spears, axes, and knives.
I/65 Formative Gunnagal Army: 1 x General (3Wb), 10 x kitjigal warriors (3Wb), 1 x kitjigal warriors (3Wb) or non-kitjigal mercenaries (3Ax) or skirmishers with sling or javelin (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: I/65
II/85 CLASSICAL GUNNAGAL 500 BC-556 AD
This list covers the classical era of Gunnagal civilization, from the end of the Interregnum to the conquest of the last independent cities by the Watjubagan Empire. A constantly shifting system of alliances kept the four great kingdoms largely independent, though martial traditions and better access to metal meant that the kingdom of Gulibaga, centred at the city of Garrkimang, gradually expanded at the expense of the other three. Troops were equipped with wooden shield and bronze-tipped spear, and sometimes a short sword. Armor was rare except for captains.
II/85a Tjibarr, Gundabingee, Weenaratta, or Other Classical Gunnagal Army 500 BC-556 AD: 1 x General (3Bd or Sp or 3Pk), 6 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk), 1 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x native or mercenary javelinmen (3Ax or Ps), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or kitjigal faction mobs (5Hd) or skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: II/85a, II/85b, II/86, II/87, II/88
II/85b Gulibaga Army 500BC-350AD: 1x General (3Bd or Sp or 3Pk), 6 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk), 1 x regular spearmen (Sp or 3Pk) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x native or mercenary javelinmen (3Ax or Ps) or warrior societies (3Wb), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or skirmishers (Ps)
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: II/85a, II/86
II/86 AURURIAN HIGHLANDERS 500 BC-850 AD
This list represents various upland peoples of Southeastern Aururia, who raided and traded with the more settled cultures of the river valleys up through the Watjubagan era and were the ancestors of the Nguril and Kaoma among others. They left few records of their own, but early Gunnagal sources describe them as fierce raiders fighting with spears, knives and axes, while a Watjubagan depiction of a punitive expedition appears to include bowmen.
II/86 Aururian Highlander Army: 1 x General (3Bd or 3Wb or 3Ax), 6 x warriors (3Wb or 3Ax), 2 x javelineers (3Ax or Ps), 3 x skirmishers with bow, sling, or javelin (Ps)
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 2. Enemies: II/85a, II/85b, II/86, II/87, II/88, III/81a
II/87 EARLY JUNDITMARA 200 AD-764 AD
This list extends from the development of proto-kingdoms among the Junditmara until the Watjubagan conquest in 764 AD. Sources mention household guards led by chiefs, possibly precursors of the later briyuna, who would be supplemented by lightly-armed levies.
II/87 Early Junditmara Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 1 x household guards (3Bd), 8 x levied troops with spear and javelin (3Ax), 2 x skirmishers with bow, javelin, or sling (Ps)
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: II/85a, II/86, II/87, II/88, III/81a
II/88 IMPERIAL GULIBAGA 350 AD-556 AD
This list covers the armies of Gulibaga under the First Speakers following the military reforms of the mid-fourth century and the establishment of a standing professional army, until the conquest of Gundabingee in 556 AD. These troops were equipped with long pikes, round shields, bronze helmets and greaves, and leather breastplates. Support was provided by bowmen using stone or bone-tipped arrows.
II/88 Imperial Gulibaga Army 350-556 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 6 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or vassal Gunnagal spearmen (Sp) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: II/85a, II/86, II/87
III/81 WATJUBAGA 556 AD-1124 AD
This list extends from the proclamation of Watjubaga, the Dominion of the Five Rivers, until the deposition of the final First Speaker in 1124. Armies remained based around a core of Biral spearmen, but civil wars (particularly after the death of Weemiraga in 853 AD) led to increasing reliance on subject troops in the later period.
III/81a Early Watjubaga Army 556-945 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 6 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or subject Gunnagal spearmen (Sp) or javelinmen (3Ax), 3 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: II/86, II/87, III/81a, III/82a, III/83, III/84, III/86, III/87, III/88, III/89
III/81b Later Watjubaga Army 945-1124 AD: 1 x General (4Pk), 4 x Biral spearmen (4Pk), 2 x Biral spearmen (4Pk) or subject Gunnagal spearmen (4Pk or 4Ax) or Junditmara briyuna (3/4Bd) or Kurnawal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x bowmen (3Bw or Ps), 1 x mercenary javelinmen (Ps), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81b, III/82a, III/83, III/84, III/86, III/87, III/88, III/89
III/82 MUTJING CITY-STATES 600 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Mutjing city-states of the Seven Sisters from their first mention in Watjubagan records. This includes the conquest by the Watjubagan Empire under Tjangal from 917-926, as well as the rebellion in the late 960s and the attempted re-conquest from 972-974, as well as intermittent ongoing warfare between the city-states. Beginning in the mid-eleventh century, city states began to develop closer ties with the Nangu, leading to the spread of Plirism and both smaller and fewer wars between cities, but increased professionalism as Mutjing mercenaries saw service abroad, particularly in the Cider Isle.
III/82a Early Mutjing Army 600-1050AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 2 x veteran warriors (4Bd), 7 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax), 2 x bowmen (3Bw) or levies with javelins (3Ax or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/82a
III/82b Later Mutjing Army 1050-1618AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 4 x veteran warriors (4Bd), 5 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax), 2 x warriors with spear and javelin (4Ax) or Nangu marines (3Bd), 2 x bowmen (3Bw) or levies with javelins (3Ax or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/82b
III/83 KURNAWAL 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers Kurnawal peoples on both the mainland and on the Cider Isle, beginning with the earliest conflicts with the Watjubagan Empire, and continuing up to European contact. These people are well-documented in both Watjubagan and later Yadji chronicles, but are best known as the wily opponents of the Tjunini in the twelve year “War of the Princess,” fought sometime between 1060 and 1080 AD and culminating in the sack of the city of Bountiful. The Kurnawal retain a reputation for deviousness compared to the more bluff Tjunini, but share many similarities in tactics and equipment - warriors heavily armed and armored in bronze, and skilled with a variety of hand weapons. References: Song of the Princess Tjiganeng
III/83 Kurnawal Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 9 x warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors (3Bd) or javelin-armed infiltrators (3Ax) or Mutjing mercenaries (4Bd) or Palawa mercenary longbowmen (3Lb or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/85, III/88, III/89, IV/86a, IV/86b
III/84 TJUNINI 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Tjunini people, both those who migrated to the Cider Isle beginning in the ninth century, and those who remained on the mainland. They are best known from the Song of the Princess written by the eleventh-century Tjunini bard Tjiganeng to commemorate a war fought and won by the Nine-Fold King Tiyuratina against the Kurnawal of the east. Based mostly on this epic, the Tjunini have a reputation of boldness and prowess in battle compared to the conniving Kurnawal, but archaeological evidence suggests few differences in equipment or tactics. Tjunini warriors were equipped with bronze helmets and armor, and seem to have fought using a variety of weapons. Lighter-armed troops are rarely mentioned in the song, but were probably present nonetheless. References: Song of the Princess Tjiganeng
III/84 Tjunini Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 9 x warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors (3Bd) or particularly bold and reckless heroes (3Wb) or Mutjing mercenaries (4Bd) or Palawa mercenary longbowmen (3Lb or Ps).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/85, III/89, IV/86a, IV/86b
III/85 PALAWA 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the native peoples of the Cider Isle from the arrival of the Tjunini and Kurnawal up until European contact. Never very numerous, pressure from the outsiders forced the Palawa to band together in larger groups and adopt a more sedentary lifestyle. Palawa were famously skilled with the longbow, and frequently hired on as mercenaries among both the Kurnawal and the Tjunini, though rarely beyond the Cider Isle. Bronze weapons were initially acquired from the invaders in trade or warfare, but the Palawa eventually began manufacturing their own. Armor remained rare, and was reserved for chieftains and their retainers.
III/85 Palawa Army: 1 x General (3Bd), 1 x wealthy warriors (3Bd), 2 x warriors with spears (3Ax) or longbows (3Lb), 8 x longbowmen (3Lb or Ps)
Terrain Type: Forest. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/85.
III/86 PATJIMUNRA STATES 800 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the Patjimunra states of the eastern coast from their initial encounters with Gunnagal civilization and their conquest during Weemiraga's March to the Sea in 822 AD, through their revolt against Watjubaga in 899 AD and up to the period of European contact. Even after the establishment of a centralized kingdom at Kinhung, civil wars and revolts remained frequent, and at least three other Patjimunra city states retained independence as of the early seventeenth century. All Patjimunra states were bound up in a strict caste system; lower castes were theoretically forbidden to carry metal or edged weapons, though this prohibition did not always extend to bows. The Patjimunras' famous conservatism extended to weapons and military tactics, and stuck to bronze even after iron became available.
III/86 Patjimunra Army 800-1618 AD: 1 x General (3Bd), 7 x Dhanbang or Warraghang caste warriors with swords and spears (3Bd), 4 x Paabay or Gidhay caste levies armed with wooden staves or clubs (7Hd) or Baluga caste hunters with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/86, III/90b, IV/12
III/87 MUNGUDJIMAY TRIBAL 800 AD-1020 AD
This list covers the early Mungudjimay peoples prior to the foundations of the kingdoms of Yuragir and Daluming around 1020. This includes their defeat of the second March to the Sea in 886, which the Mungudjimay used as the foundation of their calendar.
III/87 Mungudjimay Tribal Army 800-1020 AD: 1 x General (4Wb), 7 x tribal warriors with spear and hand weapon (4Wb), 3 x tribal warriors with javelins or spears (3Wb or 3Ax), 1 x youths or tribal warriors with slings and javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/87
III/88 EARLY NGURIL AND KAOMA 887 AD-1350 AD
This list covers the highland peoples of southeastern Aururia from their rebellion against the Watjubaga roughly through to the late fourteenth century, when refugee briyuna from the Yadji Empire conquered the region and established themselves as a ruling class. Written records from the Nguril and Kaoma themselves remain rare, but descriptions of their raids by their victims indicate that the raiders fought much as they always had, with small bands led by warleaders of notable repute.
III/88 Early Nguril and Kaoma Army 887-1350 AD: 1 x General (3Bd or 3Wb), 5 x elite warriors (3Bd or 3Wb), 4 x lesser warriors with javelins (3Ax or Ps), 2 x lesser warriors with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/89, IV/87, IV/88a, IV/88b
III/89 OTJIMA-ERA JUNDITMARA 907AD - 1255 AD
This list covers the Junditmara peoples from the Great Revolt against Watjubaga in 907 AD and the development of feudal otjima rule until the collapse of the Empire of the Lake in 1255 AD. Armies were based around a hereditary military class known as briyuna, who were well armed and armored, and trained with a variety of weapons. These would be supplemented with peasant levies or lightly-armed troops at need.
III/89 Otjima-Era Junditmara Army: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 3 x briyuna with spear or hand weapons (3/4Bd), 4 x briyuna with spear or hand weapons (3/4Bd) or with bows (3Bw), 2 x briyuna squires or peasant levies (3Ax), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or peasant levies (3Ax) or peasant skirmishers with javelin or sling (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/81a, III/81b, III/83, III/84, III/88, III/89, III/84, IV/87, IV/88a
III/90 YURAGIR AND DALUMING 1020 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the later Mungudjimay, following the foundation of the kingdoms of Yuragir and Daluming, continuing through the union of the two lands and up until the time of European contact. Contact with the western states led to the development of more advanced tactics, but the core of the army remained the tribal warriors. Designation of blooded warriors as “meriki” became more significant with the construction of Glazkul following the unification. Raids and wars against neighbors became more frequent as apocalyptic fervor grew, and more and more heads were collected for the pyramid of Glazkul.
III/90a Yuragir or Daluming Army 1020-1245: 1 x General (4Wb or 4Ax), 7 x tribal warriors with spear and hand weapon (4Wb or 4Ax), 3 x tribal warriors with javelins or spears (3Wb or 3Ax) or with bows (3Bw), 1 x youths or tribal warriors with slings and javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 2. Enemies: III/90a, IV/87
III/90b Daluming Army 1245-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Wb or 4Bd), 5 x meriki warriors (4Wb or 4Bd), 5 x non-meriki warriors (3Wb or 3Ax), 1 x skirmishers with bows, slings, or javelins (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/86, III/90b, IV/12, IV/87, IV/91
IV/86 YAORA CITY STATES 1100 AD-1512 AD
This list covers the Yaora and other peoples of southwestern Aururia. Due to their isolation and lack of written records, little is known about them except from fragmentary Nangu sources until the early twelfth century, when they became among the first people in Aururia to develop ironworking. This spurred the development of larger kingdoms and polities, all of which were eventually conquered by the rising power of the Atjuntja.
IV/86 Yaora Army 1100-1512AD: 1 x General (3Bd or 4Ax), 1 x armored troops with spear or axe (3Bd or 4Ax), 8 x unarmored troops with spear or axe (4Ax), 2 x desert tribal mercenaries (3Ax) or javelin-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: IV/86, IV/89
IV/87 POST-IMPERIAL GUNNAGAL 1100 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the independent Gunnagalic states, most notably the kingdoms of Tjibarr, Gutjanal, and Yigutji, that began to re-emerge as the Watjubagan Empire lost control of its outlying provinces, and which later formed various temporary leagues to resist Junditmara and later Yadji expansion. Armies were initially based on the old Watjubagan pike formations, particularly in cities that were former Biral military colonies, but gradually shifted to heavy infantry on the Yadji model. Urban factions became increasingly influential, especially in Tjibarr, and occasionally contributed to local defense efforts. Iron armor grew more common, and mail was particularly common among the Gunnagal.
IV/87 Post-Imperial Gunnagal Army 1100-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Pk or 4Bd), 5 x regular infantry with pikes (4Pk) or hand weapons (4Bd), 2 x bowmen supported by armed shieldbearers (8Bw), 3 x levies (4Ax) or highlander mercenaries (3Ax or 3Bd), 1 x urban militia (7Hd) or faction mob (5Hd) or bow-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 1. Enemies: III/81b, III/88, III/89, III/90a, III/90b, IV/87, IV/88a, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/88 YADJI EMPIRE 1209 AD-1618 AD
This list begins with the first campaigns of Ouyamunna Yadji against the Euyanee and Lyawai families, and extends up until the time of European contact. The death warriors famously began as a cult recruited by Ouyamunna Yadji from among those who had survived the first stage of Marnitja, and were retained as elite shock troops into the imperial era. They generally fought unarmored, with simple weapons such as clubs and maces. Briyuna, though used in early stages of the Yadji conquest, were disbanded over time and replaced by a regular standing army loyal only to the Regent of the Neverborn. Yadji regulars were highly disciplined, and maneuvers were coordinated using banners, drums, and horns. Armor was common, and was typically scale or more rarely mail. Ironworking was spreading during this era, and had almost completely supplanted bronze by the later Yadji period. Wheeled carts, drawn by people or dog teams, were known among the later Yadji, and were increasingly used for transport and logistics, but played no direct role on the battlefield.
IV/88a Early Yadji Army 1209-1300 AD: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 3 x briyuna with spears or hand weapons (3/4Bd), 4 x briyuna with spears or hand weapons (3/4Bd) or with bows (3Bw), 2 x briyuna squires or peasant levies (3Ax) or death warriors (3Wb), 2 x city militia (7Hd) or peasant levies (3Ax) or peasant skirmishers with javelin or sling (Ps).
Terrain: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/88, III/89, IV/87
IV/88b Later Yadji Army 1300-1618 AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 5 x regular infantry (4Bd), 2 x death warriors (3Wb), 3 x subject troops (4Ax) or archers (4Bw), 1 x city militia (7Hd) or religious enthusiasts (5Hd) or skirmishers with bow or sling (Ps).
Terrain: Arable. Aggression: 3. Enemies: III/83, III/84, III/88, IV/87, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/89 ATJUNTJA EMPIRE 1250 AD-1618AD
This list covers the Atjuntja from the mid-thirteenth century onwards, when they unified under the semi-legendary Banyar, first King of Kings. Initially just one among many Yaora people, the Atjuntja proceeded to unify the southwest under their rule, developing a heavy infantry force that was used to great advantage. Revolts and dynastic struggles took place with increasing frequency towards the end of this era, and political instability would later be exploited by the Dutch. One Dutch account describes Atjuntja soldiers as equipped with iron scale armor, conical helmets, and large shields, and armed with fearsome axes.
IV/89 Atjuntja Army 1250-1618AD: 1 x General (4Bd), 7 x Atjuntja regulars (4Bd), 2 x Yaora subjects (4Ax) or desert tribal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x conscript infantry (7Hd) or javelin-armed skirmishers (Ps).
Terrain Type: Arable. Aggression: 4. Enemies: IV/86, IV/89
IV/90 LATER NGURIL AND KAOMA 1350 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the highland peoples from the late fourteenth century onwards, when an influx of refugee briyuna from the expanding Yadji Empire first conquered the highlands and then integrated into the kinship societies of the people they ruled. Highland armies of this era are marked by a distinct Junditmara influence, and increased adoption of iron weapons and armor. Raiding parties were still led by warleaders and organized by lineage, but the warriors were increasingly well-trained.
IV/90 Later Nguril and Kaoma Army 1350-1618 AD: 1 x General (3/4Bd), 5 x elite warriors (3/4Bd), 3 x lesser warriors with hand weapons and javelins (3Bd or 3Ax), 3 x lesser warriors with bows (3Bw or Ps).
Terrain Type: Hilly. Aggression: 3. Enemies: IV/87, IV/88b, IV/90
IV/91 KIYUNGU CITIES 1350 AD-1618 AD
This list covers the city states along the Coral Coast, which fought occasionally amongst themselves, but began to form a loose defensive league under pressure from Daluming raiders from the mid-fourteenth century onwards. Bronze was still widely used, and iron mostly unknown. Kiyungu armies consisted mostly of massed spearmen of various levels of effectiveness, occasionally supplemented by bands of foreign mercenaries.
IV/91 Kiyungu Army 1350-1618 AD: 1 x General (Sp or 4Ax), 5 x citizen spearmen (Sp or 4Ax), 2 x citizen bowmen (3Bw), 2 x Maori (3Bd) or Mutjing (4Bd) or other tribal mercenaries (3Ax), 2 x untrained levies (7Hd).
Terrain Type: Littoral. Aggression: 0. Enemies: III/90b, IV/91.
