Domesticated elephants and chariots before the Egyptians use chariots? That seems highly unlikely. What is the evidence for these being used that early?
yeah you right... hum maybe not before... we really don't have lot of evidence of that...
The problem for me is to not have any distinction for Nubian from -3000 to -1480 a huge period with lot of change
from the tribes period (separate tribes along the Nile cataracts) and organized Kerma Kingdom (Egypt kingdom and Kerma kingdom mutal influence?)
there are pyramids monuments at this period so we can suppose than other part of Egypt culture and weapons warfare was shared too. (and maybe Nubian kingdom influence Egyptian Kingdom?)
> also Egyptian chariot exist before -1500 (it is only the first document about war with chariots, so it's likely that the chariot was used before -1500. (i found information about Egyptian use of War Chariots around -1600 so...)
> Hyksos armies (-1645 > -1537) have war Chariots, and so why not their Kerma south neighbor?
> maybe a less centralised thinking on Egyptian Kingdom, could be usefull to learn more these different nation...
> about Kerma Kingdom:
"Kerma Kingdom existed in three distinct phases – Ancient / Early Kerma (around 2500 BC – 2050 BC),
Middle Kerma (around 2050 BC – 1750 BC) and Classic Kerma (around 1750 BC – 1500 BC).
Classic Kerma was the golden age of the kingdom.
It was during this period that its rulers successfully took control of Egyptian fortresses and gold mines in the Second cataract.
The kingdom kept on attacking and capturing Egyptian territories until around 1500 BC Thutmose I attacked Kerma itself and annexed the kingdom into the Egyptian Empire. "
- "After centuries of expanding away from Egypt, the Hyksos invasion of Lower Egypt, around 1786 BC,
gave the Kermites an opportunity to extend northward. Hyksos comes from heqa-khase, a phrase meaning “rulers of foreign lands”.
In 1650 BC, Kerma made an alliance with the Hyksos which enabled them to almost double their strength.
While the Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt, the Kermites controlled Upper Egypt. The authority of independent Egyptian kings was thus constrained to a little territory around Thebes.
The population of Upper Egypt, on the other hand, appeared to have acknowledged the control of Kerma without obstruction.
This launched the Kingdom of Kerma into its golden age, wherein it reached the peak of its wealth and power."
- "Nubia was known as the land of the bow. Kermite soldiers were expert archers, often lending their services out to train and educate other kingdoms’ armies as well.
Their bows were about six feet in length, usually made with palm fiber stretched across different kinds of wood.
The arrows were short, fletched with eagle and goose feather, given steel tips. Often the archers also carried a dedicated quiver with poison tipped arrows.
The other Kermite weapons were the spear, pike and the Khopesh sword. While the Kermites were expert archers and bow makers, their melee weapons may have been imported.
The Kermite military is also credited with the first use of elephants in active combat in warfare, as earlier elephants were only used for transport. They also trained war elephants for export to Egypt."
so my purpose to add a Kerma Kingdom into the Nubian I/3,
like I/3a before Kerma Kingdom -3000 > -2500, (same army list that now)
I/3b early and middle Kerma Kingdom -2500 > -1750 or -1650? : 1xGen (3Bw or 3Bd), 2x3Wb replaced by 2x(3Bd or 3Ax), 8x(3Bw or Ps), 1xPs (jav)
and I/3c Classic Kerma -1750 or -1650? > -1504: 1xGen (LCh or 3Bd), 2xLCh, 2x3Bd, 6x(3Bw or Ps), 1x(El or Ps) something like that...
Sources :
Invicta :
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvO3_kYRRw8&t=843s&ab_channel=Invicta (the start of my thinking),
thinkafrica.net/the-kingdom-of-kerma-2500-1500-bc/ (very interesting)
- CHARIOTS IN ANCIENT EGYPT The Tano Chariot, A Case Study.